What is Dry Eyes? Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Dry eyes, or Dry Eye Disease, is a very common eye disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when your eyes are not able to produce appropriate tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. If this condition is not treated properly, it can cause serious problems, and that’s why it is important to understand what is dry eyes, its symptoms, causes and treatment. And this blog will help you provide the complete information on dry eyes.

What is Dry Eyes?

Dry Eye Disease is an eye disease where the human eyes experience a lack of sufficient moisture and lubrication on their surface. Tears are a very important part of maintaining optimal health because tears provide lubrication, lower the risk of eye infections, wash away dust particles, and keep the surface of the eyes smooth and clear. When the production and quality of tears are compromised, it leads to dry eyes, causing discomfort and vision problems.

Table of Content

• Dry Eye Symptoms

• Dry Eye Causes

• Dry Eye Treatment

Dry Eye Symptoms

Recognizing the symptoms of Dry Eye Disease is the first step in seeking effective treatment. Common dry eye symptoms include:

• A stinging, burning, or scratchy sensation: This is often the first sign of dry eyes, making it feel like something is irritating the eye.
• Stringy mucus in or around the eyes: This can be an indication of insufficient tear production.
• Sensitivity to light: People with dry eyes often find bright lights uncomfortable.
• Redness of the eyes: Chronic dryness can lead to inflammation and redness.
• A feeling of having something in your eyes: This sensation, also known as a foreign body sensation, is quite common in dry eye sufferers.
• Difficulty wearing contact lenses: Dry eyes can make it uncomfortable or impossible to wear contacts.
• Difficulty with nighttime driving: Reduced tear production can impair vision, making driving at night difficult.
• Watery eyes: This might seem counterintuitive, but the dryness can stimulate the production of excess tears as a protective mechanism.
• Blurred vision or eye fatigue: Prolonged screen time or reading can exacerbate these symptoms.

Dry Eye Causes

Several factors can contribute to the development of Dry Eye Disease. The primary dry eye causes include:

• Age: As we age, tear production tends to decrease, making dry eyes more common among older adults.
• Gender: Women are more likely to get dry eyes because of hormonal changes caused by pregnancy, use of contraceptives, and menopause.
• Medical conditions: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, thyroid disorders, and Sjögren's syndrome are linked to dry eyes.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to smoke, wind, and dry climates can increase tear evaporation. Prolonged use of screens without breaks can also strain the eyes.
• Eyelid problems: Incomplete closure of the eyelids during sleep or blinking can prevent tears from spreading evenly across the eye surface.
• Refractive eye surgeries: Procedures like LASIK can sometimes lead to decreased tear production.
• Contact lenses: Extended use of contact lenses can contribute to dry eyes by interfering with the tear film.

Dry Eye Treatment

Fortunately, there are several effective treatments available for managing Dry Eye Disease. Depending on the severity and underlying cause, dry eye treatment options include:

1. Artificial Tears and Lubricating Eye Drops

Artificial tears are a very good source of temporary relief for mild dry eye symptoms. These drops help to lubricate the eyes and maintain moisture on the surface. For more severe cases, prescription eye drops that reduce inflammation and promote tear production may be recommended.

2. Lifestyle and Environmental Adjustments

Simple changes can significantly reduce dry eye symptoms

• Limit screen time: Take regular breaks during prolonged computer or smartphone use.
• Use a humidifier: Adding moisture to the air can prevent tear evaporation.
• Wear wraparound sunglasses: Protect your eyes from wind and dry air.
• Stay hydrated: Drink water as much as your body required to fulfill the need of body hydration.

3. Warm Compresses and Lid Hygiene

Applying warm compresses to the eyes can help to unblock the oil glands in the eyelids, improving tear quality. Maintaining proper eyelid hygiene by gently cleaning the eyelids with a mild soap or baby shampoo can also alleviate symptoms.

4. Punctal Plugs

Punctal plugs are tiny devices inserted into the tear ducts to block drainage and retain tears on the eye surface. This procedure is usually reserved for individuals with moderate to severe dry eyes who do not respond to other treatments.

5. Surgery

In rare cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to correct eyelid problems that contribute to dry eyes. These surgeries can improve the alignment and function of the eyelids, ensuring better tear distribution.

Conclusion

Dry Eye Disease can be a very frustrating aspect and uncomfortable disease, but after understanding what is dry eyes, along with their symptoms, causes, and treatments, can empower you to take control of your eye health. If you experience persistent dry eye symptoms, it is important to consult an eye care professional, such as the best ophthalmologist in Mauritius at Spectra Eye Hospital, for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plan. With the right care, you can alleviate discomfort and protect your vision for the long term.

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